New Delhi: India's total wind-solar hybrid capacity is expected to grow rapidly to reach nearly 11.7 gigawatts (GW) by 2023, according to a new report by IEEFA and JMK Research. "This is a new and fast-growing market in India," said the report's authors Vibhuti Garg, energy economist at the Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), and Jyoti Gulia, founder of JMK Research. "There is a lot of interest in the potential of wind-solar hybrid generation to better manage the intermittency problem of standalone wind and solar and to make clean power more competitive against traditional thermal plants," said Garg.
Wind-solar hybrid systems can produce more consistent power because solar power is produced during the day, while wind power is typically strongest at night. This inherent complementary nature of wind and solar power makes hybrid systems well-suited to meet energy demand, the report said.
As the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) and several state governments continue to provide incentives to promote the building of new wind-solar hybrid projects, Garg and Gulia predict that the total capacity, which is now only 148 megawatts (MW), will increase by almost 80 times in the next three years.
"SECI has taken the lead by regularly coming up with large tenders to scale up market growth," said Gulia. The government is now also planning to hold renewable energy auctions for round-the-clock and hybrid projects instead of plain solar or wind tenders.
"Based on the tenders allotted under various central and state schemes, we expect capacity addition of wind-solar hybrid projects to reach almost 11.7GW in the next three years, and also that it will rise at a compound annual growth rate of 223% from 2020-2023," said Garg.
SECI tenders for wind-solar hybrid projects without storage have attracted low tariffs of Rs 2.67/kwh (us¢3.7/kwh) which are comparable to plain solar tariffs.
The report uses a financial model to project tariff trends for a 250MW wind-solar hybrid project under different scenarios. It shows that when solar and wind are blended at a ratio of 80:20, the levelised tariff is Rs 2.49/kWh (US¢3.32/kWh), while a ratio of 50:50 results in a tariff of about Rs 2.57/kWh (US¢3.43/kWh).
But when storage in the form of a 2-hour battery back-up is added, the levelised tariff increases substantially to Rs 4.59/kWh (US¢6.12/kWh). "Clearly, adding battery storage is not a feasible option at present because it significantly increases project costs and hence the tariffs," said Gulia. "However, rapidly falling battery prices will make such an addition to these projects' viability within a few years, further strengthening grid stability and reliability."
As well as analysing tariffs and upcoming capacity addition, the report examines national and state policies, regulatory developments, and the risks and challenges associated with wind-solar hybrid technology.
Developers in the wind-solar hybrid market are grappling with issues such as lower tariffs, policy uncertainty, land constraints, integration challenges, system sizing and lack of experience.
However, as the sector matures, most of these issues can be addressed by putting in place more coherent policy and standards, according to the authors.
"State governments including Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan have come up with their own wind-solar hybrid policies aligned with the National Wind-Solar Hybrid Policy, and more states should follow their example," said Garg.
States can reserve a certain percentage of their renewable targets for wind-solar hybrid, along with offering waivers and incentives designed to help grow the market.
Much of India's solar and wind power potential is concentrated in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Rajasthan. Although wind and solar capacity can be operating at the same or different locations, co-locating reduces costs related to land, grid connection, hardware and other installation overheads. The cost of a co-located system is 7-8 percent lower than the cost of a standalone solar system.
"India's long coastline is endowed with high-speed wind and is also rich in solar energy resources, providing a great opportunity for the wind-solar hybrid industry," said Gulia.
Wind-solar hybrid can help the government boost renewable energy development and meet its commitment to 175GW of renewable energy capacity by 2022 and 450 GW of renewables by 2030, rather than simply relying on standalone wind and solar, according to the report.
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