New Delhi: The share of round-the-clock (RTC) plants in the overall renewable (RE) capacity mix will increase from nearly nil today to over 5 percent by calendar year 2025, said CRISIL Ratings in its latest report on Wednesday. This will be driven by expected tariff reduction of nearly 12 percent over the next two fiscals and an ability to provide power at a pre-determined schedule — currently a challenge for RE projects. Both aspects will make RTC popular with state power distribution companies (discoms).
"Government initiatives and strong investor interest have led to multi-fold growth in RE capacity (solar and wind) in the past five years from 45 GW, as of December 2016, to around 100 GW, as of December 2021. The heady growth, however, has brought to the fore the issue of grid stability for discoms, given the difficulty in scheduling of RE power generation vis-à-vis other sources," said the report.
For instance, solar power production takes place during daytime and does not match peak requirement of discoms, which is typically in the evening. Also, wind and solar generation show a degree of seasonality and are not available uniformly throughout the year — wind PLFs increase during monsoons, while solar PLFs go down.
RTC generation plants help address this issue by storing excess power produced by solar plants during the day and by wind plants at night in an on-site battery or alternate storage solution. The stored power is discharged into transmission grid later when demand arises, or as per schedule, thus matching demand and production times.
Despite the benefits, RTC capacities have found less success so far, with only around 1 GW successfully bid out. One of the reasons is higher tariffs compared with other RE bids, as these typically combine storage along with the project.
Manish Gupta, Senior Director, CRISIL Ratings, said, "We expect a reduction in RTC tariffs over the next two fiscals, from a levelised tariff of Rs 3.74 per unit to Rs 3.2 per unit. This will be due to lower cost of storage equipment, which currently contributes nearly 25 percent of the tariff. Prices of lithium-ion based battery storage solutions, the dominant form of storage, have fallen from $250 per kilowatt hour (kWh) in 2018 to $180-200 per kWh today, and are likely to drop to ~$150 per kWh over the next two fiscals."
This reduction of storage system cost will ride on economies of scale, improvement in efficiency, falling prices of electrolytes (which form around one-fourth of overall cost), and recycling of component metals such as nickel, cobalt, and lithium. Additionally, alternative compositions and chemistries in battery pack are now becoming available, which allows substitution of certain metals and is thus likely to shield against the rise in prices of select metals.
Ankit Hakhu, Director, CRISIL Ratings, said, "As India marches towards its goal of 500 GW of RE power by 2030, and the share of RE generation in the overall mix continues to grow, the issue of grid stability will only intensify from here. Over next four years, RE capacity will be around 25 percent of the generation mix — sizeable enough to materially destabilise the grid or get curtailed, if not scheduled properly. Thus, we expect RTC plants, which have the ability to schedule power at pre-determined timelines, to gain traction. We expect RTC to be forming atleast 5 percent of the overall RE mix by 2025 from almost nil today."
The estimates are sensitive to pricing of components of battery equipment. Further, any duties that may be levied — given that most of the storage components are imported, and dynamic global macro conditions can impact the estimates, said the report.
(PSU Watch– India's Business News centre that places the spotlight on PSUs, Bureaucracy, Defence and Public Policy is now on Google News. Click here to follow. Also, join PSU Watch Channel in your Telegram. You may also follow us on Twitter here and stay updated.)